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1.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 147(8): 955-964, ago. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058630

ABSTRACT

Background: Liver transplantation (LT) is an option for people with liver failure who cannot be cured with other therapies and for some people with liver cancer. Aim: To describe, and analyze the first 300 LT clinical results, and to establish our learning curve. Material and Methods: Retrospective cohort study with data obtained from a prospectively collected LT Program database. We included all LT performed at a single center from March 1994 to September 2017. The database gathered demographics, diagnosis, indications for LT, surgical aspects and postoperative courses. We constructed a cumulative summation test for learning curve (LC-CUSUM) using 30-day post-LT mortality. Mortality at 30 days, and actuarial 1-, and 5-year survival rate were analyzed. Results: A total of 281 patients aged 54 (0-71) years (129 women) underwent 300 LT. Ten percent of patients were younger than 18 years old. The first, second and third indications for LT were non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, chronic autoimmune hepatitis and alcoholic liver cirrhosis, respectively. Acute liver failure was the LT indication in 51 cases (17%). The overall complication rate was 71%. Infectious and biliary complications were the most common of them (47 and 31% respectively). The LC-CUSUM curve shows that the first 30 patients corresponded to the learning curve. The peri-operative mortality was 8%. Actuarial 1 and 5-year survival rates were 82 and 71.4%, respectively. Conclusions: Outcome improvement of a LT program depends on the accumulation of experience after the first 30 transplants and the peri-operative mortality directly impacted long-term survival.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Program Evaluation/standards , Liver Transplantation/standards , Learning Curve , Postoperative Complications/mortality , Time Factors , Survival Rate , Retrospective Studies , Liver Transplantation/methods , Liver Transplantation/mortality , Treatment Outcome , Statistics, Nonparametric , End Stage Liver Disease/surgery , End Stage Liver Disease/mortality
2.
Rev. chil. urol ; 82(2): 26-33, 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-905956

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La urolitiasis es una patología prevalente en el mundo occidental. Hoy en día, existen distintas opciones terapéuticas para el manejo de esta patología en sus diferentes formas de presentación. En la mayoría de estas situaciones, se dispone de guías clínicas que orientan el manejo. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar la adherencia a guías clínicas de manejo de urolitiasis frente a situaciones hipotéticas, por parte de urólogos pertenecientes a la Sociedad Chilena de Urología. Materiales y Métodos. Se diseñó una encuesta en línea, a través de la plataforma Formularios de Google, consistente de preguntas generales para caracterizar a los encuestados y 11 preguntas de selección múltiple de casos clínicos hipotéticos. Los escenarios clínicos variaban en: localización, tamaño, densidad del cálculo y tiempo de evolución. La encuesta fue difundida a través de correo electrónico de urólogos pertenecientes a la Sociedad Chilena de Urología. Se excluyó del análisis a urólogos infantiles. Las variables tiempo de ejercicio profesional y número de pacientes manejados fueron dicotomizadas según media. Se realizó análisis estadístico con test exacto de Fisher. Resultados. 67 urólogos contestaron la encuesta. El 98,5 por ciento era de adultos; 73,1 por ciento realizó residencia de 3 años de duración. Un 38,8 por ciento manejó más de 80 pacientes con litiasis en el último año. La media de años de ejercicio como especialista fue 13,8 años. Un 56,1 por ciento tenían menos de 14 años de ejercicio y 43,9 por ciento 14 o más. No se observó diferencia significativa en cuanto a adherencia a guías clínicas en los distintos escenarios de litiasis ureteral, entre los grupos dicotomizados por años de ejercicio (p=0,47) ni al dicotomizarlos por número de pacientes manejados (P=0,63). Un 48 por ciento adhiere a terapia médica expulsiva y un 68 por ciento a terapia quirúrgica (p=0,000009). Conclusiones. Una mayoría de los urólogos encuestados refiere utilizar opciones terapéuticas similares a las recomendadas por las guías clínicas. No se observó diferencia en las conductas propuestas entre los grupos de mayor o menor experiencia profesional ni entre los grupos con mayor o menor número de pacientes manejados por urolitiasis. (AU)


SUMMARY Introduction. Urolithiasis is a prevalent pathology in the western world. There are different therapeutic options for the management of this pathology in its different forms of presentation. In most of these situations, clinical guidelines are available. Our objective was to determine the adherence in certain hypothetical situations to clinical guidelines of urolithiasis management, by urologists belonging to Sociedad Chilena de Urología. Materials y Methods. An online survey was developed using Google Forms platform, consisting of general questions to characterize the respondents and 11 multiple-choice questions of hypothetical clinical cases. The clinical scenarios varied in: location, size, density of the calculi and time. The survey was sent via email to urologists belonging to Sociedad Chilena de Urología. Pediatric urologists were excluded from analysis. Two variables: years of practice as a specialist and number of patients treated, were dichotomized according to mean. Statistical analysis was performed with Fisher's exact test. Results. 67 urologists answered the survey. 98.5 pertcent were non-pediatric urologists; 73.1 pertcent completed residence for 3 years. 38.8 pertcent treated more than 80 patients with lithiasis in the last year. Average number of years of practice as a specialist was 13.8 years. 56.1 pertcent had less than 14 years of exercise and 43.9 pertcent had 14 or more. There was no significant difference in adherence to clinical guidelines in the different scenarios of ureteral lithiasis between groups dichotomized by years of exercise (p = 0.47) or dichotomized by number of patients treated (p = 0.63). 48 pertcent adhered to medical expulsive therapy and 68 percent to surgical therapy (p = 0.000009). Conclusions. Most urologists surveyed use similar therapeutic options to those recommended by clinical guidelines. No difference was observed between groups of greater or lesser professional experience nor among groups with greater or lesser number of patients managed by urolithiasis. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Urolithiasis , Therapeutics , Ureter , Lithiasis
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